在.NET Core中,格式化器用于处理HTTP请求和响应的数据格式。默认情况下,.NET Core提供了JSON和XML等格式的格式化器。但是,有时候需要处理一些特殊的数据格式,比如YAML。YAML是一种人类可读的数据序列化语言,常用于配置文件,也可以用于数据存储或传输。本文将介绍如何在.NET Core中创建自定义的YAML格式化器。
YAML是一种简洁的数据序列化格式,它以易于阅读的格式存储数据。YAML的目标是同时支持数据的存储和传输,它有意地简化了格式,以便于人类阅读和编写。YAML是JSON的超集,意味着任何有效的JSON都是有效的YAML。
在.NET Core中,可以通过继承框架提供的抽象类来创建自定义的格式化器。对于YAML格式化器,需要创建两个类:一个用于输入格式化(YamlInputFormatter),另一个用于输出格式化(YamlOutputFormatter)。
YamlInputFormatter负责从HTTP请求中读取YAML格式的数据,并将其反序列化为.NET对象。以下是YamlInputFormatter的实现代码:
public class YamlInputFormatter : TextInputFormatter
{
private readonly Deserializer _deserializer;
public YamlInputFormatter(Deserializer deserializer)
{
_deserializer = deserializer;
SupportedEncodings.Add(Encoding.UTF8);
SupportedEncodings.Add(Encoding.Unicode);
SupportedMediaTypes.Add(MediaTypeHeaderValues.ApplicationYaml);
SupportedMediaTypes.Add(MediaTypeHeaderValues.TextYaml);
}
public override Task ReadRequestBodyAsync(InputFormatterContext context, Encoding encoding)
{
if (context == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(context));
}
if (encoding == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(encoding));
}
var request = context.HttpContext.Request;
using (var streamReader = context.ReaderFactory(request.Body, encoding))
{
var type = context.ModelType;
try
{
var model = _deserializer.Deserialize(streamReader, type);
return InputFormatterResult.SuccessAsync(model);
}
catch (Exception)
{
return InputFormatterResult.FailureAsync();
}
}
}
}
YamlOutputFormatter负责将.NET对象序列化为YAML格式的字符串,并将其写入HTTP响应。以下是YamlOutputFormatter的实现代码:
public class YamlOutputFormatter : TextOutputFormatter
{
private readonly Serializer _serializer;
public YamlOutputFormatter(Serializer serializer)
{
_serializer = serializer;
SupportedEncodings.Add(Encoding.UTF8);
SupportedEncodings.Add(Encoding.Unicode);
SupportedMediaTypes.Add(MediaTypeHeaderValues.ApplicationYaml);
SupportedMediaTypes.Add(MediaTypeHeaderValues.TextYaml);
}
public override async Task WriteResponseBodyAsync(OutputFormatterWriteContext context, Encoding selectedEncoding)
{
if (context == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(context));
}
if (selectedEncoding == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(selectedEncoding));
}
var response = context.HttpContext.Response;
using (var writer = context.WriterFactory(response.Body, selectedEncoding))
{
WriteObject(writer, context.Object);
await writer.FlushAsync();
}
}
private void WriteObject(TextWriter writer, object value)
{
if (writer == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(writer));
}
_serializer.Serialize(writer, value);
}
}
在.NET Core的Startup.cs文件中,需要配置自定义的YAML格式化器。以下是配置代码:
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddMvc(options =>
{
options.InputFormatters.Add(new YamlInputFormatter(new DeserializerBuilder().Build()));
options.OutputFormatters.Add(new YamlOutputFormatter(new SerializerBuilder().Build()));
options.FormatterMappings.SetMediaTypeMappingForFormat("yaml", MediaTypeHeaderValues.ApplicationYaml);
});
}