在本文中，将介绍如何从头开始使用Terraform在Azure上创建虚拟机。将从创建Terraform文件开始，然后定义Azure资源组、虚拟网络、子网、公共IP地址、网络接口，最后定义虚拟机本身。这个过程将展示Terraform的强大功能，以及它如何简化云基础设施的部署和管理。
首先，需要创建一个名为main.tf的Terraform配置文件。这个文件将包含所有的资源定义和配置。
在main.tf文件中，需要定义Azure提供者。这将允许Terraform与Azure进行通信并管理资源。
provider "azurerm" {
version = "=2.0.0"
features {}
}
接下来，需要定义一个资源组，所有的资源都将在这个资源组中创建。
resource "azurerm_resource_group" "rg" {
name = "my-first-terraform-rg"
location = "northeurope"
}
定义虚拟网络和子网是创建虚拟机的重要步骤，因为它们定义了虚拟机的网络环境。
resource "azurerm_virtual_network" "myvnet" {
name = "my-vnet"
address_space = ["10.0.0.0/16"]
location = "northeurope"
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
}
resource "azurerm_subnet" "frontendsubnet" {
name = "frontendSubnet"
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
virtual_network_name = azurerm_virtual_network.myvnet.name
address_prefix = "10.0.1.0/24"
}
公共IP地址将允许虚拟机与互联网通信。
resource "azurerm_public_ip" "myvm1publicip" {
name = "pip1"
location = "northeurope"
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
allocation_method = "Dynamic"
sku = "Basic"
}
网络接口是虚拟机与虚拟网络之间的连接点。
resource "azurerm_network_interface" "myvm1nic" {
name = "myvm1-nic"
location = "northeurope"
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
ip_configuration {
name = "ipconfig1"
subnet_id = azurerm_subnet.frontendsubnet.id
private_ip_address_allocation = "Dynamic"
public_ip_address_id = azurerm_public_ip.myvm1publicip.id
}
}
最后，需要定义虚拟机本身。这包括虚拟机的大小、操作系统、存储等配置。
resource "azurerm_windows_virtual_machine" "example" {
name = "myvm1"
location = "northeurope"
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
network_interface_ids = [azurerm_network_interface.myvm1nic.id]
size = "Standard_B1s"
admin_username = "adminuser"
admin_password = "Password123!"
source_image_reference {
publisher = "MicrosoftWindowsServer"
offer = "WindowsServer"
sku = "2019-Datacenter"
version = "latest"
}
os_disk {
caching = "ReadWrite"
storage_account_type = "Standard_LRS"
}
}
在定义了所有资源之后，需要登录到Azure并初始化Terraform，然后应用配置文件来创建虚拟机。
首先，使用AzureCLI登录到Azure：
az login
然后，初始化Terraform：
terraform init
最后，应用配置文件：
terraform apply
这个过程可能需要几分钟时间，取决于资源的创建速度。
provider "azurerm" {
version = "=2.0.0"
features {}
}
resource "azurerm_resource_group" "rg" {
name = "my-first-terraform-rg"
location = "northeurope"
}
resource "azurerm_virtual_network" "myvnet" {
name = "my-vnet"
address_space = ["10.0.0.0/16"]
location = "northeurope"
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
}
resource "azurerm_subnet" "frontendsubnet" {
name = "frontendSubnet"
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
virtual_network_name = azurerm_virtual_network.myvnet.name
address_prefix = "10.0.1.0/24"
}
resource "azurerm_public_ip" "myvm1publicip" {
name = "pip1"
location = "northeurope"
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
allocation_method = "Dynamic"
sku = "Basic"
}
resource "azurerm_network_interface" "myvm1nic" {
name = "myvm1-nic"
location = "northeurope"
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
ip_configuration {
name = "ipconfig1"
subnet_id = azurerm_subnet.frontendsubnet.id
private_ip_address_allocation = "Dynamic"
public_ip_address_id = azurerm_public_ip.myvm1publicip.id
}
}
resource "azurerm_windows_virtual_machine" "example" {
name = "myvm1"
location = "northeurope"
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
network_interface_ids = [azurerm_network_interface.myvm1nic.id]
size = "Standard_B1s"
admin_username = "adminuser"
admin_password = "Password123!"
source_image_reference {
publisher = "MicrosoftWindowsServer"
offer = "WindowsServer"
sku = "2019-Datacenter"
version = "latest"
}
os_disk {
caching = "ReadWrite"
storage_account_type = "Standard_LRS"
}
}